Covert

Context A brain-computer interface (BCI) harnesses a diverse array of control signals, decodable from measured electroencephalogram (EEG) data. An exemplary control signal within this realm is the code-modulated visual evoked potential (c-VEP), which manifests as a response to a pseudo-random sequence of visual flashes.

Context Typically, a brain-computer interface (BCI) necessitates users to direct their gaze towards a target stimulus, such as a symbol on a screen, as seen in a standard matrix speller. This gaze-dependent functionality, however, becomes progressively challenging for certain patient groups, notably individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).